
Srikant K.
May 12,2002
Chemistry I Honors
The Narrative of Lake Piney-Z
Lake Piney-Z is a 193-acre lake located east of
Tallahassee in Leon County as part of a group of lakes that belong
to Lake Lafayette. Lake Piney-Z gets its name the abundance of
pine trees on the 407 acres of z shaped land that encompasses
the lake. The lake is located a mile from Apalachee Parkway (Highway
27) at an approximate latitude of 30°26'30" and a longitude
of 84°11'13". It’s currently next to the Piney-Z
housing development, which is rapidly growing. Lake Piney-Z has
been going through a major restoration project for the past four
years as developers have attempted to make it into a recreation
site. Piney-Z has had a changing history with the condition of
the environment being a major issue.
Throughout the years, Lake Piney-Z has been helped by and been
destructed by man. Lake Piney-Z was originally a river off of
the much larger Lake Lafayette. As Piney-Z developed into a lake,
wildlife officials
in 1947 were forced to build levies in order to contain
the high rate of water that was being drained into the sinkhole.
The water was contained and the lake was restored, but the algae
growth led to the development of muck on the floor of the lake.
This muck buildup led to the much publicized restoration of Lake
Piney-Z in 1998. As far as recreation, Piney-Z was originally
used for hunting, but then became a haven for fishing before the
muck buildup began affecting the quality of the water, which became
dynamically low. The 1998 restoration plan’s goals include
transforming Piney-Z into a fishery as well as a park. The lake
in its current state is located on hill covered land that is covered
with many different kinds of trees and vegetations. The water
as of March 20, 2002 was somewhat murky, but much of the muck
in the lake was not clearly visible.
In 1995, the property of Lake Piney-Z was purchased by the city
of Tallahassee. Following the purchase, Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission biologist Michael Hill was called into
determine that state of the lake, and he discovered that the there
were not many fish due to the dense aquatic plant population,
poor water quality, a heavy layer of muck, and a lack of oxygen
in the water, which hindered the ability of fish to reproduce.
This determination led to the draining of 99% of the water from
Piney-Z. Once this was completed, 25% of the lake’s, muck
was removed and used to create finger dikes and islands for fishing.
When Piney-Z was refilled with water, a number of fish were added
to the lake including blue gills and largemouth bass. When the
project is finally completed, Piney-Z will become a fish
management area.
Lake Piney-Z is located in a unique part of the country on a special
type of land. Underneath the lake, deep below the ground is a
layer of porous limestone and dolomite stone known as the Florida
Aquifer. The main purpose the aquifer has involves providing us
with fresh drinking water. The Florida Aquifer, one of the largest
in the country, stretches from Florida all the way to Alabama,
Georgia, and South Carolina. Above as well as below the aquifer
there are layers of gravel, sand, clay dolomite or limestone.
The height of the underground limestone layers varies from a few
feet to a few thousand feet thick. Holes located in the aquifer
allow water to flow through, and the result in Karst topography.
Limestone’s interaction with underground water results in
water dissolving the limestone and forming Karst topography. Having
Karst topography, named after the Kras plateau in eastern Italy,
means there is and underground formation of channels and caves,
but a disadvantage is the susceptibility for the formation of
sinkholes. Sinkholes are
depressions that occur when enough of the limestone is
eroded away. Though obviously large sinkholes are not evident
at Lake Piney-Z, the possibility exists due to the Florida Aquifer
underneath the lake. Another concern that officials had to and
currently are dealing with it eutrophication. Eutrophication is
the when sediments, sewage, or fertilizers are introduced into
water resulting in an increase in the concentration of available
nutrients. This increase in the concentration of nitrogen or phosphorus
sparks an algae bloom, which in the case of Piney-Z led to the
formation of muck. There are two forms of eutrophication, natural
and cultural. Natural eutrophication is when lakes due to an increase
in age start to have an increase in the concentration of nutrients.
This process takes much time, but can be sped up through cultural
eutrophication, which involves humans polluting the water creating
an algae bloom. Physically Lake Piney-Z is unique, but it has
been influenced by the works of man.
For Lake Piney-Z to be maintained as an urban fishery, several
water quality parameters must be kept up to standard and they
include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, phosphates,
and nitrates. The
first crucial parameter that was measured at Lake Piney-Z
was water temperature. Water temperature is important since the
temperature should be kept in a way that allows it to not change
as a result of human activity. This would relate to fishing since
humans fishing in Piney-Z should not influence the condition of
the lake. In addition, a high water temperature means the water
could have trouble holding essential gasses such as oxygen. We
of course used a thermometer and graphing calculator to measure
the water temperature of Lake Piney-Z.
Dissolved oxygen was one of the most important elements we looked
into when conducting our tests at Piney-Z. Dissolved oxygen is
a necessary component in order to have aquatic life and it is
needed for natural water purification. Oxygen gets into the water
by a process known as aeration, photosynthesis, and by diffusing
from the surrounding air. A lower dissolved oxygen reading means
a greater stress is being placed on the environment. We conducted
this test by collecting a sample of water at a given point, and
then we used the dissolved oxygen kit to complete an on site test.

Ph was another parameter measured, and it is a measure
of the acidic or basic (alkaline) nature of a solution, which
in this case is the water. A good pH level to ensure the protection
of life is between 6.0 and 9.0. This would obviously be necessary
to maintain a fishery with an adequate number of fish. The most
significant environmental impact pH could is synergistic energy,
which involves the combination of two or more substances that
produce effects greater than their sum. The main reason we measured
pH with the graphing calculator was to be sure that Piney-Z as
an urban fishery could maintain life.
Turbidity, the measure of water clarity, is important in order
to determine if Piney-Z is appropriate for fish
and other aquatic wildlife. Basically, murky water has
a high turbidity, while low turbidity is represented by clear
water. Soil particles, sewage, plankton and industrial wastes
are suspended particles that increase turbidity and decrease the
transmission of light. Biodiversity is decreased by turbidity
and suspended solids have a tendency to harm aquatic organisms
in the lake. The turbidity of water in Lake Piney-Z was not a
great issue, and this could be determined by simply viewing it,
but an increase in turbidity would delay the transformation of
Piney-Z into a fishing haven.
Finally, phosphates and nitrogen are key elements that help scientists
understand the current state of a lake. Phosphorus is an essential
element needed in order for plants to grow. Normally phosphorus
is low in waterways, but humans sometimes add it inadvertently
through fertilizers and industrial waste. This causes algae and
plankton to wildly grow, which to an extent could cause an increase
in fish, but also mass chaos is a possibility. Excessive growth
of plant life was a deciding factor in using the muck from Piney-Z
to build the finger dikes. Nitrogen is similarly an influential
element for everyone since it makes up 80% of the earth’s
air, and it is found in the cells of all living things. Nitrogen
compounds serve as nutrients in the lakes, but nitrate reactions
[NO3-] in fresh water can cause oxygen depletion, which leads
to the loss of aquatic life. Nitrates also produce a serious condition
in fish called "brown blood” disease, and the nitrates
lead to the formation of methemoglobin, which destroys the ability
of red blood cells to transport oxygen. This condition has an
impact on human babies. Unwanted nitrogen in the water could have
adverse affects on many organisms.
In order for Lake Piney-Z to be maintained as an urban fishery,
all of the above water parameters must be kept at normal levels
because problems could run rampant as they did in the past.

Works Cited
http://www.state.ky.us/nrepc/water/wcpno.htm
http://www.state.ky.us/nrepc/water/wcpno.htm
http://webworldwonders.firn.edu/cameras/piney_z/back/
http://floridaconservation.org/fishing/news-rel/nrw-pine.html
http://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/fisheries/eutro.html
http://hermes.ecn.purdue.edu/http_dir/ced/ccw/crc/agen521/agen521/epadir/wetlands/eutrophication.html
http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~lakewatch/pqlakesfolder/PineyZ.htm
http://freud.psy.fsu.edu/~stephens/water.htm
http://www.nps.gov/maca/karst.htm
http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/bar/hist_contexts/karst.html
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa060800a.htm